Youth Participation In Gangs Essay - 1141 Words

Youth participation in gangs actually decreased from 1996 to 2004, but the violence within these gangs has not. Homicides committed by youth gang members still remain as a monumental problem across the United States of America. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reported in its 2004 survey of youth gangs that there were an estimated 760,000 gang members that year. Many of the kids affiliated with gangs come from lower income, single parent homes; therefore, the youths of America often turn to gangs to fill the void of not being part of a â€Å"family†. To combat this problem and save our youth from a life of malfeasance, the people of the communities of America must take a stand against the negative influences that impact†¦show more content†¦Although there is no trend data that would prove that drug trafficking and gangs coincide with one another, there are numerous studies that show that gangs, such as the Chicago Vice Lords, have had substant ial involvement in the drug trade since the mid 1980’s (Decker Howell P2). To fully understand why the level of violence is so high amongst youth gangs, we must first understand what factors can be associated with joining a gang. According to Sue Titus Reid, â€Å"poverty, unstable living conditions, the availability of drugs and alcohol, parents who tolerate or commit violence, falling behind or failing in school, and ‘hanging out’ with delinquents† (Reid, 2008, p.375) are all factors that can contribute to joining a gang. Of course not all gang members fall under all of these categories. However, these are the main contributing factors. Among the factors listed, availability of drugs and/or alcohol and parents who tolerate or commit violence are the two most influential agents for a gang member to commit violence as well. In fact, a child who is exposed to violence in the home is 30-40% more likely to commit violence as they grow older themselves. After joining a gang that percentage increases to 60-70%. The other issue is the involvement of drugs. The drug trade often goes hand in hand with gang activity. There are multiple opinions and arguments as toShow MoreRelatedA Formal Description For A Youth Gang1503 Words   |  7 Pagesinto groups that society often refers to as gangs. It is accurate to say that gangs contribute immensely to crime and delinquency however, to say that this is the purpose of all gangs would be misleading. Gangs should instead be seen as existing on a continuum, some ranging from groups of peers who spend time together and may get into trouble, to others who participate in more serious crimes (Gorden, 2000, p. 4). In terms of a specific definition for a gang, there really is not one that has been fullyRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1044 Words   |  5 Pagesincarcerated (World Prison Brief, 2016), of whom many are juveniles. It is well documented that youths who enter this system are more likely to suffer a host of negative health and lifest yle outcomes, such as alcohol/drug abuse, high school dropout, and mental health problems. Such phenomena occur in stark contrast with the aims of the US juvenile justice system, which supposedly intends to help offending youths re-assimilate back into society as productive citizens. As previously mentioned, incarcerationRead MoreEssay on Gang Reduction Program1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2003 as a response to communities with a large amount and growing number of youth gangs the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), a branch of the U.S. Department of Justice, initiated the Gang Reduction Program (GRP) (U.S. Department of Justice 2008). The formation of gangs is seen as a response to system failures and community dysfunction. As a result, one of OJJPD’s anti-gang initiatives is to make communities safer and have a pro-social environment (U.S. DepartmentRead MoreDisarmament, Demobilization, And Reintegration Of Rebel Groups1729 Words   |  7 Pagesur ges the international community to address the issue through Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR). To do so, the global community must shape the effectiveness and improvement of DDR, as well as specific types of rebel groups such as gangs and drug cartels. Jordan believes that by addressing these issues, the international community can assist Latin America in the restriction of the influence and proliferation of rebel groups. Although Jordan is not in close proximity with Latin AmericaRead MoreYouth Gang Membership : A Serious Problem Affecting Many Youths Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesYouth Gang membership is a serious problem affecting many youths in America. Per the National Youth Gang Survey by the U.S. Justice Department puts the number of youths in gangs at only about 302,000. But a 2015 study by G. Gately found that there are more than 1 million youth gang members. Many youth gang members join around 12 and 13 years old, peaking at 14 years of age (Tara Young, 2014). This review will detail the main reasons youths enter gangs, outreach programs that are making a differenceRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And Juvenile Delinquency1610 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is participation in illegal behavior by minors8. A juvenile delinquent in the United States is a person who is typically under the age of 17 and commits an act that otherwise would have bee n charged as a crime if they were an adult. Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for persons under 18 to be charged and tried as adults. Juvenile crimes can range from status offenses (such as underage smoking), toRead MoreAn Increasing Crime Statistic In The United States Is A1120 Words   |  5 PagesStates is a lot of violence by young gangs. In this case, young gangs tend to kill other young people in a large percentage of incidents these juvenile killers belong to young gangs. Young gangs band together for various reasons and get into trouble with the law are certainly not new in America. Young gangs have been around since the early 1800’s it was formed young kids of low-income immigrants who felt that society held no place for them . The earliest gangs, which flourished in new England, NewRead MoreThe Violence Of Gangs And Gangs1377 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have become one of the nation’s fastest growing problems within recent history. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation about 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs with about 2.4 million members are criminally active in the U.S. today. They use violence to control neighborhoods and boost their illegal moneymaking activities, which include but are not limited to: robbery, drug and gun trafficking, fraud, extortion, and prostitute rings. With as much researchRead MoreCanadian Gangs Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesthe definition of a youth gang member. Partnered with the Montreal Police Service, Statistics Canada was able to generate the definition of a gang member: An organized group of adolescents and/or young adults who rely on group intimidation and violence, and commit criminal acts in order to gain power and recognition and/or control certain areas of unlawful activity [2] (Statistics Canada, 2008). Gangs have been around for many years; the founders of some of the original gangs in the United StatesRead MoreHigh Risk Youth : A Public Health Approach By Doctor Dawn Delfin Mcdaniels1368 Words   |  6 PagesFrom 2002 to 206, 20% of all homicides in Urban areas could be attributed to gang violence (McDaniels, 2012). One notable characteristic of gang membership in the United States, is that youth who join gangs are more likely to engage in assault, robbery, felony theft, and breaking and entering, than their non-gang peers (Hill, et al., 2001). The lack of proper parental supervision in communities with high risk factors such as high poverty rates, is closely associated with delinquent behaviors in

Ford Motor Company Case Report - 1820 Words

FORD MOTOR COMPANY Written Case Report F.B. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As director of Supply Chain Systems, I have decided to implement the new supply chain strategy of Virtual Integration, and model its supply chain after companies like Dell. Although there are several key differences between the companies, Dell’s direct business approach can be applied to every facet of Ford’s operation. Special care will need to be taken to address the unique dependency of our custom â€Å"tier- one† suppliers. A modification of the virtual integration system currently used by Dell could be applied to Ford’s dependent supplier base, while the management of lower tier suppliers of general or generic components would be more effectively suited by the standard†¦show more content†¦The process begins with the customer specifying exactly which features are to be included in the desired computer. Dell then buys components from several different suppliers via Internet-based JIT ordering. By using Dell’s process of JIT orderi ng, misallocation of company resources is avoided and unnecessary inventory is limited resulting in core competency and considerable cost reductions. By substituting information for inventory, Dell’s lean business structure offers mass customized machines that are ordered, assembled and delivered with reduced lead times without sacrificing margins or maintaining inventory. Although the direct business model of Dell is very attractive, there are several key differences between the computer and auto industries which cause barriers to Ford implementing a this virtual supply chain scenario. Ford’s similarities to Dell are summarized below: †¢ suppliers are close with nearby ship points †¢ external logistics supplier is used to manage inbound supply chain †¢ customers are encourages to use PC’s to balance supply and demand †¢ both companies are focused on strategic partnerships with its suppliers. Differences include: †¢ Dell supplies its own inventory until it is used in production and Ford does not. †¢ Dell forecasts its demand regularly withShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis Report Ford Motor Company and Firestone3599 Words   |  15 PagesCase Analysis Report In August 2000, Ford Motor Company and Firestone Tire Company recalled 6.5 Million ATX and AT tires that had been installed on Ford’s Explorer model SUV. At the time, it appeared as though Ford and Firestone were doing the right thing. They had found out that the tread separated on Ford Explorers in states with intense heat, such as Florida and Texas. However, it later came to light that both Ford and Firestone had known about these problems earlier than 2000 and that FordRead MoreFord Motor Company Case Report Essay example1835 Words   |  8 PagesFord Motor Company Case Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As director of Supply Chain Systems, I have decided to implement the new supply chain strategy of Virtual Integration, and model its supply chain after companies like Dell. Although there are several key differences between the companies, Dell’s direct business approach can be applied to every facet of Ford’s operation. Special care will need to be taken to address the unique dependency of our custom â€Å"tier- one† suppliers. A modificationRead MoreFord Motor Company Supply Chain Strategy Case Report3198 Words   |  13 PagesFord Motor Company Supply Chain Strategy Case Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As director of Supply Chain Systems, I have decided to implement portions of the new supply chain strategy of Virtual Integration and strategies from companies like Dell. Although there are several key differences between the companies, Dell’s virtual integration strategy can be applied to Ford’s supply chain operation. A modification of the virtual integration system currently used by Dell could be applied to Ford’s dependentRead MoreIn This Paper, I Will Be Discussing Ford Motor Company827 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper, I will be discussing Ford Motor Company and the role it plays in the global economy. Like the United States economy, the Global Economy is important as well as it links the economies of individual countries to each other and changes in a single can have ripple effects on others. Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company operates in two sectors: automotive and financial services. Ford Motor Company is one of the largest automotive manufacturers in the world, employing about 166,000 employeeRead MoreCase Study: Business Process Reengineering General Motors Corporation900 Words   |  4 PagesCase study: Business Process Reengineering General Motors Corporation   â€Å"General Motors is one of three leading automotive manufacturing companies in the United States. Based in Michigan in 1903 by Henry ford and grew to reach revenue of $150 billion and more than 370,000 employees by 1996. In the 1970s, the automobile market for the major auto makers - General Motors (GM), Ford, and Chrysler- was crunched by competition from foreign manufactures such as Toyota and Honda. In 1999, Ford acquiredRead MoreCompetition Between Ford And General Motors1477 Words   |  6 Pages03/29/2015 Competition between Ford and General Motors has drove them to their Success The Ford Motor Company and General Motors have a greatly influenced and shaped the global automobile industry in the 20th Century. While there are other big car-makers in the United States and other places in the world, the two companies have been the most popular and important players in that sector. This research focuses on an argument of how competition between both companies has benefited them. Read MoreCompetition Between Ford And General Motors1465 Words   |  6 PagesCompetition between Ford and General Motors has led to their Success Name Course Instructor Introduction The Ford Motor Company and General Motors have greatly influenced and shaped the global automobiles industry over the 20th Century. While there are other big car-makers both in the United States and elsewhere in the globe, the two companies have been the commonest and significant players across the entire sector. This research focuses on an argument of how competition between both companies has benefitedRead MoreFirestone and Ford Case Analysis Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesIssue II. Questions for Case analysis a. What are the ethical and social issues in this case? b. Who are the stakeholders and what are their stakes? How do legitimacy, power, and urgency factor in? Do these companies care about consumers? Discuss. c. Conduct a CSR analysis of both Firestone and Ford. How do they measure up in fulfilling their various social responsibilities? d. Who is at fault in the tire separation controversy? Bridgestone / Firestone? Ford Motor Company? The NHTSA? IIIRead MoreCase Study : Ford Motor Company1611 Words   |  7 PagesFord Motor Co. Casey T, Blackburn Business 104 Business Organization Management Dr. Earl Murray Jr. 1 November 2015 Abstract I hope that this meets the intent of this paper and that you learn something new about the management of an organization that I have the most interest in. I wanted to discuss how the lessons that we have covered during this class are used and demonstrated in a large worldwide company such as Ford Motor Co. Ford Motor Co. Ford’s Motor Company History Ford Motor CompanyRead More Business At Work Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness At Work 1. Introduction 1.1 Aim The aim of this report is to understand the Business Environment and within organisation of Ford Motor Company (FMC), which includes the culture and management of the company. This report will also analyse and evaluate communication channels and quality control that FMC possess. Finally, conclusions will be drawn through the assessment of the process that is carried out by the company to meet their objectives, with recommendation of alternative

Personal Narrative I Must Question Faith p Essay Example For Students

Personal Narrative I Must Question Faith p Essay ersonal narrative essaysEssays I Must Question Faith I believe that religion is a very scary thing. I scares me that parents can bring their children up in a family dominated so much by their belief in God, that they know of nothing else. Children go through their life believing that if their faith is strong enough, nothing will harm them. God will protect them overall, all will be fine perfect. How can people so blindly believe in something without proof. Faith and the utter belief in something lacking in proof scares me. It becomes such a self involved thing, God will love me if I just believe in him, it is a cycle that goes on till the believer simply lives in a bubble of blind faith. What happens when someone pops that bubble? When they enter the real world and realize that Hey! its not as wonderful as I thought. Hows their faith going to help them then? All faith will do is force them into either another bubble of complete denial or one of rebellion! Obviously there has to be more to life that this. How can we truly believe that we are the be all and end all of life? Believing in that is as bad as blind faith. But do we truly all need to be pumped from other spiritual believers trying to force us into their bubble of blindness. I conclude saying please think more laterally about life. Dont do something just because your parents do. Doubt society, doubt conformity; it is the norm. This is what life is about, finding things out for yourself, trying to gain as much information on everything as we can. Dont believe blindly in God, think about your faith.

Music Genre free essay sample

The Beat to our Mind, Body and Soul Music Is a powerful tool that has been scientifically proven to be useful and harmful In many different ways. The Interconnection between music and the physical and mental health of human beings has been researched for centuries. Many people use music as a tool for brainstorming and motivation. Some look at music as a hobby; for some music is their passion, while others pursue music as their career. It is essential to choose your music wisely because diverse types can have a large range of effects on your brain and mood. Classical music has been proven very constructive when used for work situations. It Is known for decreasing tension, even In people who may not listen to It regularly. Studies have also shown that classical music increases linguistic abilities and verbal fluency. It engages the areas of the brain involved with concentration. If work is accompanied by quiet and soothing music, it helps the listener think, analyze and work faster in a more efficient manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Genre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Music develops a positive attitude in the listeners and provides them with motivation.Surveys have shown that music brings about remarkable Improvements in the academic skills of students, who are made to listen to certain kinds of music hill studying or working In the lab. Listening to pleasant music, while doing a difficult task, can make it seem easier. (Patella, 2007) Music has a positive effect on the interpersonal skills of an individual. Failures that we face in life are often the result of lack of confidence and lack of desire to learn. Students obtaining poor school grades do not necessarily lack intelligence. Their poor academic results are often an outcome of their lack of motivation and their disinterest.Music proves helpful in encouraging young children to venture new fields. It helps them develop the confidence needed to achieve success in life. Further studies have shown that hearing almost any type of music can be beneficial if it is personally enjoyable to the listener. Experts say that personality has a great influence on what types of music will increase productivity for the listener or even if a quieter environment is more fit. More reserved people tend to less productively when listening to music in the background and seem to reach sensory overload much sooner that talkative people. Bower, 2009) In fact, music influences and manipulates us more than we know. Music is one of the few activities that involve using the whole brain. It is intrinsic to all cultures and can have surprising benefits not only for learning language, improving memory and focusing attention, but also for physical coordination and development. Of course, music can be distracting if it is too loud or too harsh, or if it competes for our attention with what we are trying to do, but for the most part exposure to many kinds of music has beneficial ef fects. Music has such a direct influence on your mood, book stores, restaurants and shopping malls often keep some music playing in the background. The kind of music they choose to play depends on the kind of audiences they target. Music is found to enhance a customers experience. The music played in malls and restaurants is intended to relax or entertain the customer thus keeping them there longer. Music often bring tears to the eyes. Cheerful songs brighten up your mood. Different types of tunes are seen to create different kinds of moods and arouse different kinds of emotions. Music can boost the immune function. Scientists explain that a particular type of music can create a positive and profound emotional experience, which leads to secretion of immune-boosting hormones. This helps contribute too reduction in the actors responsible for illness. Music also has unending benefits on our health. It has been proven that music reduces blood pressure. Scientists are currently testing the effects of playing music games with dyslexics, and how it may improve their ability.Music is used to calm Listeners patients and others with age-related diseases in hospitals and nursing homes, helping reduce and control conflicts. (Sack, 2008) A daily dose of ones favorite pop melodies, classical music or Jazz can speed recovery from devastating strokes, according to Gottfried Scholar, Professor of Neurology, Harvard University. When stroke patients in Finland listened to music for a couple of hours each day, verbal memory and attention span improved significantly compared to patients who received no musical stimulation.In another study, participants listened to six styles of music, including classical and rap, with random two-minute pauses. As the participants relaxed and listened, the researchers monitored their breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. The participants had faster heart and breathing rates when they listened to livelier music. When the music slowed, so did their heart and breathing rates. During the musical pauses, heart and breathing dates normalized or reached more optimal levels. Whether or not a person enjoyed the style of music did not matter.The tempo, or pace, of the music had the greatest effect on relaxation. (Scholar, 2005) Although the use of music for therapeutically purposes dates back to the days of Aristotle, modern music therapy began shortly after World War II. Music is invariably a crucial part of everyones life, and has shaped the way we all live and develop as humans. If used in the right way, music can help us learn, heal and grow as individuals. Now with new technology evolving there are endless possibilities to what music can and will do.

A Brief Guide to the Features of APA Format Essay Example

A Brief Guide to the Features of APA Format Essay Example A Brief Guide to the Features of APA Format Essay A Brief Guide to the Features of APA Format Essay APA FORMAT Below is a brief guide to the features of APA format. For source types not listed here, consult a handbook such as Anne Raimes Keys For Writers, available in the Writing Center. Basic Features of APA: In the text of your paper Include the author, year, and page citation for each source At the end of your paper Include a list of all sources used in your paper Alphabetized by authors last name Alphabetized by title if author is unknown Create list on a new page titled References. In text citations, Print sources: Basic Format for a Quotation Critser (2003) noted that despite growing numbers of overweight Americans, many ealth care providers still remain either in ignorance or outright denial about the health danger to the poor and the young (p. 5). Despite growing numbers of overweight Americans, many health care providers still remain either in ignorance or outright denial about the health danger to the poor and the young (Critser, 2003, p. 5). Note: use page numbers ONLY f or direct quotes. f youre paraphrasing, sue Just the author and date. Sources with Two Authors According to Sothern and Gordon (2003), Environmental factors may contribute as much as 80% to the causes of childhood obesity (p. 04). Obese children often engage in less physical activity (Sothern Gordon, 2003, p. 104). Author Unknown Children struggling to control their weight must also struggle with the pressures of television advertising that, on the one hand, encourages the consumption of Junk food and, on the other, celebrates thin celebrities (Television, 2002). You maybe use ch to reference a chapter in a long work such as a text book, or par to indicate paragraph in a work without page numbers. Personal Communication Cite personal communication such as an interview or e mail in your text like so: Smith, personal communication, 4 Sept. 2008). DO NOT list in your References page Works cited in another source: If you cite a work quoted by another source, you MUST cite where you found it, like so: Smith says that using APA format will make you smarter (cited in Jones, 2003). In text citations, electronic formats Author Known Atkinson (2001) found that children who spent at least four hours a day watching TV were less likely to engage in adequate physical activity during the week. Author Unknown The bodys basal metabolic rate, or BMR, is a measure of its at rest energy requirement (Exercise, 2003). Date Unknown Attempts to establish a definitive link between television programming and childrens eating habits have been problematic (Magnus, n. d. ). Reference to an entire Web Site: If you reference an entire web site, give the compete URL in your in text citation. DO NOT list it in the References page: Research on The Mozart Effect has generated an institute with a Web site providing links to research studies ( mindinst. org). References page format List references on a separate page consecutively numbered use hanging indent (indent all but first line arrange alphabetically DO NOT list a reference to an entire web site or e mail communications, but cite them in the text. Books: Single Author Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Book title. Location: Publisher. Reagan, M. D. (1992). Curing the crisis: Options for Americas health care. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Two Authors Cohen, L. G. , Spenciner, L. J. (1994). Assessment of young children. White Plains, NY: Longman. Three to Six Authors Pratkanis, A. R. , Brecker, S. J. , Greenwald, A. G. (1989). Attitude structure and function. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Note: If a book has more than six authors, after giving the sixth authors name and nitial, use et al. (not italicized and with a period after al) to indicate the remaining authors of the book. Periodicals, General Format Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of periodical, volume number, pages. Journal Articles (continuous pagination) Saywitz, K. J. , Mannarino, A. P. , Berliner, L. , Cohen, J. A. (2000). Treatment for sexually abused children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 55, 1040-1049. Journal Article (issue by issue pagination) sexually abused children and adolescents. Psychology 55 (4), 1040-1049. Magazine Articles Henry, W. A. , Ill. (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. Time, 135, 28-31. Newspaper Articles Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4. Electronic Sources Article from a Database Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), pages. Retrieved month date, year, from Database name. White, B. (2002, July 30). Stocks make more big gains. The Washington Post, pp. A1 . Retrieved August 1, 2002, from NewsBank database. Electronic Newspaper Article Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2000, from nytimes. com Online Document Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Retrieved month date, year, from http://web address Document with Author and Date Murray, J. P. Children and television violence. (1995). Retrieved July 19, 2001, from ksu. edu/humec/kulaw. htm Document with No Author, No Date GVUs 8th WWW user survey. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from http:// www. cc. gatech. edu/gvu /user_surveys/survey-1997-10/ Begin with the title of the document if there is no author n. d. = no date

Functional Areas of a Business

Functional Areas of a Business Introduction Managers play a significant role towards supporting the performance of their organizations. They make businesses successful through continued management and allocation of organizational resources. They undertake every managerial practice in their organizations to achieve the targeted objectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas of a Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Robbins and Coulter (2012, p. 64), â€Å"managers oversee and coordinate the activities of their employees in order to accomplish the targeted organizational goals†. Managers should always be ready to address the challenges and problems affecting their companies. Managers have many duties and roles depending on the nature and goals of their organizations. This paper analyzes the roles of a manager within every functional area of an organization. The Role of a Manager within the Functional Areas of a Business Managers have a role to play in every functional area of their respective businesses. Such roles are critical towards realizing every business goal. One of these functional areas is the Human Resource (HR). The HR department â€Å"handles different activities such as hiring employees, firing workers, and ensuring every person follows the company’s policies† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 308). Managers should provide the best leadership and administrative concepts to their HR departments. They should also support and mentor every HR manager. Managers also use this functional area to â€Å"take the best disciplinary measures and offer compensations for different activities† (Kraut, Pedigo, McKenna, and Dunnette, 2005, p. 124). Business managers present the best leadership practices in their organizations. Leadership is a critical aspect because it makes every employee successful. Managers use â€Å"various theoretical concepts to deal with the conflicts and challenges encountered by their employees† (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 125). Managers should also be ready to train and mentor their employees. Some â€Å"managers will hire, train, and support new employees in order to remain productive† (Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 64). Such roles are critical towards the performance of every HR department.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accounting is another relevant functional area in an organization. This â€Å"functional area deals with the auditing, monitoring, and maintenance of every financial aspect of an organization† (Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 83). Some companies formulate new accounting units in order to achieve their goals. Such units â€Å"include managerial and financial accounting departments† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 312). Financial accounting â€Å"focuses on the examination and creation of financial documents such balance sheets and income statements† (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 125). Managers should always examine income statement and balance sheet before making the best business decisions. Managers also monitor the roles and goals of every accountant. Managers use the best leadership practices in order to empower their employees. Managers should also make appropriate budgetary allocations for future expenditures and projects. Such roles will be critical towards improving the level of business performance. Managers should also use the best strategies to finance the functions of their organizations. Another â€Å"important functional area in many businesses is economics† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). This functional area supports the best activities in order to support the organization’s performance. Some of the activities include â€Å"distribution, production, consumption, and marketing of services and products† (Feldman Kh ademian, 2007, p. 319). This functional area is relevant because it transforms raw materials into marketable products. This department also studies the distribution of services and products within different firms. Managers have a huge role to play in this functional area. Managers should analyze the changing market trends in order to maximize products. Economics is also an important functional area because it helps managers identify new markets and partnerships (Kraut et al., 2005). Managers should also merge different functional areas in order to make the best business decisions. The approach will make their businesses profitable. Managers should mentor every employee within this functional area. The practice will be necessary towards improving the level of business performance and profitability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Functional Areas of a Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research and Statistics (RS) is another important functional area in many firms. This department collects and interprets in order to make the best investment decisions. Managers â€Å"should use these data to make appropriate marketing, production, and promotional decisions† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). Managers should liaise with individuals in the department to understand the current and future business expectations. Business leaders and managers use such information to support the best organizational practices. Managers should â€Å"identify the practices that can support or modify in their businesses’ future practices† (Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). Such managerial practices will play a critical role towards the performance of the targeted firm. Operations Management (OM) is a necessary function in every successful organization. This department uses statistical tools to interpret every organizational data. Managers should use such interpretations to examine the performa nce of their firms. Such practices will guide these managers throughout their decision-making processes. This functional area determines the performance of every department in an organization. Managers should encourage every employee in this department. Business organizations cannot achieve their profits without managing their marketing units in a proper manner. These functional areas focus on the needs and expectations of every targeted customer. This department uses the best marketing and promotional strategies to attract more consumers. The main goal of this department is â€Å"to ensure every consumer is happy† (Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 74). The functional area should always work hard to address the needs of its consumers. Managers â€Å"should empower their marketing managers and coordinators to embrace the best business practices† (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 128). Managers can obtain useful data from this department in order to make the best marketing decisions.Adv ertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers have a duty to mentor, train, and support their marketers. Such practices will ensure every organization addresses the changing expectations its consumers. Managers can use the collected information to create strong brands. Strategic planning determines the success of a business firm. This functional area deals with the plans and activities that support the goals of an organization. Managers should â€Å"use their implementation and strategic planning departments to initiate new organizational policies† (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 124). Managers should also use their skills to bring different departments together. This practice will increase the level of participation and interaction. The approach plays a major towards making every firm successful. Managers have always used strategic planning and operations management (OM) to support the functions of their respective firms. Conclusion The above discussion explains how every manager plays a critical role towards the succe ss of his or her organization. Managers should motivate their employees in every functional area. This discussion also explains why â€Å"companies should establish different functional areas depending on their size, goals, and available resources† (Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 103). The success of many every firm depends on the commitment and performance of its manager. Organizations require a dedicated manager in order to support the activities of every functional area. Reference List Feldman, M., Khademian, A. (2007). The Role of the Public Manager in Inclusion: Creating Communities of Participation. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, 20(2), 305-324. Kraut, A., Pedigo, P., McKenna, D., Dunnette, M. (2005). The role of the manager: What’s really important in different management jobs. Academy of Management Executive, 19(4), 122-129. Robbins, S., Coulter, M. (2012). Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education I nc.

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Annotated Bibliography Example Barry’s article analyzes both arguments for and against the issue of gay marriage. The article aims is at providing a better understanding to the world before giving a summary of his opinion. Barry defines gay marriage as marriage between two people with the same gender identity. According to Barry (260), those in support of the gay marriage view the arrangement as marriage of equality. Proponents of gay marriage believe that this union should be of little concern to an individual as the case of heterosexual marriage. Therefore, gay couples should be allowed to celebrate their union in public just like normal couples. On the contrary, those opposed to gay marriage argue that, since time in memorial, marriage institution has always been defined as between two people of different sex. That is man and woman. In addition, marriage is about procreation and bringing up of the children within a family. According to Gale, Equal Marriage is dated back in 2001 when Joe and Kevin Bourassa married in Toronto Metropolitan Church. Thereafter, the two proceeded to court seeking the states recognition of their marriage right. This article provides an alternate point of view of gay marriage. According to Gale, the Ohio court instituted a right to same sex. Therefore, no state within U.S. should treat gay marriage as illegal. Despite the struggles in both political and legal field, we should know the world still discriminates the gay family. However, members of gay family have inner strength, resilience, and wisdom. These qualities help them develop unique ways in which they conduct their relationship. Nagle outlines his understanding on this hotly debated topic of gay marriages. As a rule of democracy, Nagle explains that every member of the society is entitled to his/her rights, expression, association, and opinions. He refers to the statement by the Prime- Minister who on his part hinted that gay marriage is not a matter of ‘if’ but

Litrature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Litrature Review - Essay Example The question is: How can these concepts be squarely applied in risk assessment Hiring qualified people, just like what Machiavelli opined, is among the practical skills generally associated with good leadership. As corroborated by Grint (1997), an effective leader invariably chooses competent associates and subordinates who can give straightforward and well thought-out recommendations in response to specific problems to carry out any undertaking regardless of their interests. This is where the significance of "risk managers" is realized and appreciated. Evidently, leadership and risk assessment have an overt interplay which produces desirable results especially when applied in cases wherein business forecasting is crucial to a company's success. As a result, the essence of risk assessment in the overall success of an organization is not only valued but also highlighted. According to Slywotzky, A. and Drzik, J. (1995), effective leaders imbued with knowledge in risk management are needed so that failure can be foreseen, avoided, or addressed. As pointed out by leadership theorists, not all individuals can become ideal or effective leaders. As such, certain traits have been identified to find out who can carry out specific tasks in relation to risk assessment and risk management as a whole (Slywotzky, A. and Drzik, J. 1995). Th

Evaluate the importance of regular exercise Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the importance of regular exercise Essay In recent years, the awareness of the importance of public health has increased significantly and maintaining a healthy body and mind is undoubtedly everyone’s daily wishes. Doing exercise is one of the ways to help people to fulfill their dreams as it can strengthen our body and improve our mind. The effectiveness of the aids from the state to help achieving the goal efficiently has also been put on the public’s discussion table. In this essay, will first examine the importance of exercise, following by analyzing how both Hong Kong and British government plays their role in ensuring its citizens exercise regularly and suggesting some follow-up actions. To begin with, doing exercise can help to improve our health condition and makes us stronger. Exercise can be divided into four categories: endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility which will give us benefits if we can finish them all. (Go4Life n.d.) Researches. (Mayo clinic 2014) has shown that working out will on one hand lower stress and on the other hand in reduce body fat which will makes us look fitter and healthier. Once body fat is reduced, it can also lower the blood pressure and maintain a smooth circular blood flow. Threats posed to our body due to high blood pressure can be ceased for example strokes. Moreover, exercise shows a negative relationship with depressions. Endorphin is a hormone released when doing exercise which has a positive impact on our mood by making us happier and reducing rates of depression. This shows that the more we work out, the higher the level of happiness we can gain. Endorphins will diminish the perception of pain in brain will leads to positive feelings. (WebMD 2014) Social circle can also be widened when doing exercise as some of them require team work and players will have to co-operate with each other which increases their cohesions and boost their relationships. Take playing basketball as an example, team players will  have to communicate and trust each other and pass the ball to one another so as to gain goals. Strong social support which resulted can reduce the chance of depression as ones attention has been increased. By contrast, without any work out may lead to suicide in some extreme cases. Studies done by Dhaval and Inas shows that there i s a direct relationship between overweight status, depressive disorders, and suicidal behaviors. Overweight adolescents will have a low self-esteem as they are labeled as â€Å"fat boy† which makes them having a weak self-confidence and body dissatisfaction. (Dhaval Inas 2009) As exercising can relate to life and death issues, it proves that it is of high importance that regular exercises are needed to maintain our body health. Next, the government should also play an important role in dealing with healthcare issue of citizens. According to recent reports, (Ko 2010; Chapman 2014) both Hong Kong and Britain are facing a problem of increased death rates due to obesity. This is mainly due to the increasing personal populous and changing in lifestyle characteristics with reduced in physical activity but increase in food intake which results in chronic diseases. With reference to the Hong Kong government’s official website, it has made a step forward to tackle this problem by introducing the National Fitness Day on 8th August annually (GovHK 2010). This offers its local citizens in free of charge sporting experience in appointed sports center in 18 districts of Hong Kong for example dancing play-in, fitness corner and some fitness and health talk and workshops. Parent-child activities are also available which can promote their relationships. Through this event, it can surely arouse the publics’ att ention in doing sports and even increases their own interest in developing certain type of sports. However, British government only did limited actions in developing citizens’ sportsmanship with the exception of London Olympics 2012 (Olympic.org 2013) which reveals more Britain are dead due to overweight and obese kept increasing and the figure is even 50 percent more when comparing to France as Chapman said. It is believed the British government should take Hong Kong as a reference to ensure its citizens involve in sports more often. By introducing reward system can increase their attention in doing sports and they will be more willing to do so. Also, public sports centers with low membership fees can  also be established so as to help low income families to enjoy this entertainment in low cost. Promotions and advertisements are needed so more people will know about it and raise their awareness of it. Due to the high authority of the government, it will hopefully help to promote exercise in Britain more effectively and testify to the success of Hong Kong in promoting spo rts to its residences. In addition, citizens maintaining good health will also benefit the state. With a poor health condition, worker will result in absentee from work and will decrease the productivity of the firm. (Krol at el., 2012) During the absent period, it may be difficult for the company to find a perfectly suitable substitute as the productivity loss will be unpredictable as workers are not assigned to the right jobs. Profits will be lost and reduces the economic growth of the nation (Wei at el., 2011). Also, as mentioned earlier, suicide incidents of workers can also affect the company. Foxconn, the production factory of Apple products is one of the place where often heard of workers there committed suicide due to poor working conditions and loneness ( BBC 2010). This will in no doubt damage the reputation of the firm and affect sales. However, if there can be enough work out for the labor, they will feel less stressed and more happy to work. Unwanted accidents can be avoided. One of the main responsibilities of citizens is to contribute to the society that we should produce to the profit maximizing output to help maintaining the labor force of our place to maintain efficiency. With good health, workers are able to work more efficiently as they can perform well and show their own talents. Productivity will then increase as a result of stimulating economic growth which will benefits the society. With better economic conditions, people are able to afford their own lives and have a higher standard of living. In order to avoid ceasing production process and reducing efficiency of firms, the government to a high extent should be responsible to regulate rules to help its citizens in public health issues. However, some may argue that it is our own responsibility to stay healthy which means we should not rely on the state. Health is a long-term investment which can be determinates by ourselves and we are personally  responsible daily. Some may also say that (Sherman 2012) good health will be attained if effort is given and we prioritize it well. Long-term effort is needed so as to balance our body, mind and effort. Exercise is a personal activity which depends on the individual willingness. If the government force them to work out, they may feel discontented and conflicts between the two parties will exist. Costs will be involved in dealing with the disputes which exploits interests of them. Furthermore, people may think that they will have their own practice to maintain health for example controlling their diet such as following the food pyramid (GovHK 2012). Parents also play vital role in dealing with the health conditions of their children. Healthy lifestyle practices should be n urtured since small so they will pay more intention to that even when they grow up. In addition, supports from schools should also be given to students for example setting up more physical education classes and also extra-circular activities related to sports so as to increase their amount of physical exercise. It is undouble that teaching from parents to their children is the most effective way to convey the idea of health to them as most children tend to listen to their parents more than anyone else. Therefore some believe that it is not the state’s responsibility and it should not intervene with people’s daily routines. To conclude, although some people may be dissatisfied if the government meddle with their exercise pattern, it is of paramount importance which the state should be responsible to deal with the health issues of its citizens as this is one of its responsibilities. If the state help to preserve the public’s exercising rhythm, it can reduce the disease-related problems and it is much easier for the state to intervene due to its high authority. At the same time, it will also bring positive impacts like increasing productivity which benefits the society. As a result, to a large extent the state should help in ensuring its citizens exercise regularly in order to maintain a good health. Reference List 1. Blanch, B, 2010. Foxconn suicides: Workers feel quite lonely. BBC online, [online] 28 May 2010. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10182824 [16 May 2014]. 2. Chapman, J, 2014. Britains obesity death rate. [online] Available at: [Accessed 04 May 2014] 3. Dhaval, D and Inas, R., 2009. Overweight status, self-perception, and suicidal behaviors among adolescents. Social Science Medicine, [e-journal]. 68(9) Available through: Lancaster University Library website [Accessed 15 February 2014]. 4. Go4Life n.d., 4 Types of Exercise. [online] Available at: [Accessed 12 May 2014] 5. GovHK, 2010. Sport For All Day on August 8 promotes benefits of regular exercise. [online] Available at: [Accessed 10 6. GovHK, 2012. The Food Pyramid -A Guide to a Balanced Diet. [online] Available at: http://www.cheu.gov.hk/eng/info/exercise_07.htm [Accessed 10 May 2014] 7. Krol, M ; Brouwer, W ; Severens, J ; Kaper, J ; Evers, S., 2002. Productivity cost calculations in health economic evaluations: Correcting for compensation mechanisms and multiplier effects. Social Science Medicine, [e-journal] Abstract only. Available through: Lancaster University Library website http://onesearch.lancs.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?frbrVersion=5tabs=detailsTabct=displayfn=searchdoc=TN_sciversesciencedirect_elsevierS0277-9536(12)00553-9indx=3recIds=TN_sciversesciencedirect_elsevierS0277-9536(12)00553-9recIdxs=2elementId=2renderMode=poppedOutdisplayMode=fullfrbrVersion=5dscnt=1scp.scps=scope%3A%2844LAN_ALMA_DS%29%2Cscope%3A%2844LAN_ML_DS%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fefrbg=tab=quicksearchdstmp=1400453092549srt=rankmode=Basicdum=truetb=tvl(freeText0)=absenteeism%20productivityvid=LUL_VU1 [Accessed12 May 2014]. 8. Ko, G, 2010. Obesity in Hong Kong Risk and Burden. [online] Available at: [Accessed 15 May 2014] 9. MAYO Clinic, 2014. Exercise: 7 benefits of regular physical activity. [online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20048389 [ Accessed 10 May 2014] 10. Olympic.org, 2013. London 2012. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 May 2014] 11. Sherman, S, 2012. Healing, Health and Self-responsibility. [online] Available at: [Accessed 11 May 2014] 12. WebMD, 2014. Exercise and Depression. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 February 2014]. 13. Zhang, W ; Bansback, N and Aslam H.A.,2011. Measuring and valuing productivity loss due to poor health: A critical review. Social Science Medicine, [e-journal] 72(2), 185-192. Available through Lancaster University Library website [15 May 2014]

The Ethical Teacher Essay -- Literary Analysis, Elizabeth Campbell

Reflection is a necessary component of everyday life, as well as the growth an individual makes within their profession. This concept remains true for teachers who, due to the particular changes they must make in order to meet the fluctuating needs of both their students and society, are perpetually connected to reflection. Beginning with John Dewey, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, numerous scholars have articulated their viewpoints concerning the positive and negatives impacts of this reflective teaching, in addition to its influence on the moral dilemmas faced by educators. One of these people, Elizabeth Campbell, asserts her perspectives throughout her text, The Ethical Teacher, wherein she describes the relationship between ethical knowledge and moral agency, the link between moral dilemmas and ethical knowledge, and the methods of lessening moral tensions in education. Within her book, Campbell (2003) maintains that â€Å"ethical knowledge relies on teachers’ understanding and acceptance of moral agency as professional expectations implicit in all aspects of their day-to-day practice† (p. 3). These demands of moral agency are important for students’ learning and development. Consequently, it is essential to understand moral agency. Campbell (2003) declares that moral agency â€Å"relates to the exacting ethical standards the teacher as a moral person and a moral professional hold himself or herself to† and â€Å"concerns the teacher as a moral educator, model, and exemplar† for students (p. 2). Throughout the text, Campbell explains that teachers must be aware of, understand and accept those demands of moral agency. Furthermore, Campbell (2003) opposes the notion that educators’ ethics â€Å"remain embedded in... ...outlining the ways to ease moral tensions and expand ethical knowledge. Moreover, Campbell’s book is consistent with her framework of this ethical knowledge â€Å"that supports core ethical principles and remains critical of moral relativism,† while it distinguishes â€Å"the complexities of moral interpretations of virtue, the significance of contextual realities, and the potential legitimacy of differing ethical beliefs† (p. 2). Through being capable of recognizing the advantageousness of ethics within education, Campbell and others, epitomize the influence of educational reflection. Furthermore, this unmistakably illustrates how reflective teachers are better apt to understand the demands of their students, parents, community members, colleagues, administrators and other superiors, which helps them to improve student learning and develop students as ethical individuals.

Alternative Learning System Essay

Introduction The Alternative Learning System or ALS is a parallel learning system that provides a viable alternative to the existing formal education instruction (Guerrero, 2007, p. 2). It is a program by the Department of Education (DepEd), through its Bureau of Alternative Learning System that helps disabled people, cultural minority members, out-of-school youth, former inmates and/or rebels, industry-based workers, and others who cannot afford or missed the opportunity to go through formal elementary and secondary schooling. It was first called Non-Formal Education when it began in 1984. Its main focus back then was to help its students acquire technical skills that they can use for livelihood. Its focus diversified after its name was changed into Alternative Learning System in 2004. It now includes literacy classes that are aimed at eventually offering elementary and high school diplomas to students who have the same above-mentioned backgrounds. Legal Foundations The source of the ALS educational system can be traced to the basic and  fundamental law of the land. The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides for a free and compulsory elementary education and free secondary education through DepEd. Also, the Governance of the Basic Education Act of 2001, which is also known as Republic Act No. 9155, dictates that it is the primordial duty of the State, through DepEd to promote and protect the right of the citizens to quality education and shall initiate steps to ensure the accessibility of education to all. Among many of its provisions, this law recognizes ALS as a â€Å"complement of formal education and a major component of basic education with a clearly defined role within the overall educational goals (Guerrero, 2007, p. 9).† The Executive Order 356 of 2004 renamed DepEd’s Bureau of Non-Formal Education to the Bureau of Alternative Learning System (BALS). Not only does this Order repeat the bureau’s mandate to address the learning needs of marginalized learners, but it also directs BALS to provide a systematic and flexible approach to reach all types of learners outside the school system. In the 80’s, the global community launched a campaign called Education for All (EFA) that aimed to eradicate illiteracy and promote functional literacy for all peoples of the world by the year 2015. The Philippines was a signatory to this and as such, committed to providing education for all Filipinos and resulted to the formulation and adoption of the Philippine EFA 2015. The goal is to have in place a credible ALS that will increase functional literacy among the marginalized groups of learners. The country also affirmed its commitment in reducing poverty and any form of human deprivation as outlined in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG), which is also aimed to be attained by the year 2015. DepEd is primarily tasked to implement the 2nd major goal of the MDG which is to achieve universal education. In summary, the EFA plan for 2015 distributes urgent tasks that will guide DepEd in fulfilling the spirit of RA 9155 and EO 356, and ultimately the vision of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It embodies the various programs, projects, and activities necessary to achieve the goal of quality ALS for all marginalized Filipino learners. ALS in Cagayan de Oro City DepEd, in close coordination with the city government of Cagayan de Oro,  implemented the program of ALS in the city and aims to attain the indicators and goals of Education for All (EFA) 2015 and of the UN Millennium Development Goals. Since 2007, the city government, as part of its implementation strategy, has been conducting advocacy socialization and mobilization in all its Barangays through the ALS Coordinators in order to determine the number of out-of-school youth, illiterates, and school leavers. Massive information campaigns were conducted. Consultations and meetings were also initiated discussing the importance and benefits that may be derived from the literacy program by focusing on the empowerment of the learner and of his/her potentials towards personal growth as he/she participates in the development of his/her community. As a beneficiary of technical assistance from World Bank through the League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP), the city government has formulated its own City Development Strategy (CDS), which serves as the guide in implementing its various  programs and projects. The ALS ranked third among the top priority programs and projects reflected in the CDS.  Various City Ordinances, Resolutions, Executive Orders and others were passed and issued to support the implementation of ALS. Through the Local School Board (LSB), all the Barangays in Cagayan de Oro City are major stakeholders supporting the various local departments and offices assigned by law to attain the goals of the program. The local Special Education Fund (SEF) and other available resources of the city government provides certain appropriation to support the program through the construction of training venues, the salaries of the employees, coordinators and teachers, acquisition of equipments and supplies, and others. The ALS program was implemented in the 57 urbanized and 23 rural Barangays in Cagayan de Oro City since 2007. Of the Barangays covered, the program faced some problems especially in the 11 hinterland Barangays of the 1 st Congressional District of Cagayan de Oro City. These Barangays are agricultural areas and have a relatively higher incidence of poverty and unemployment. These are: Pagalungan, Tagpangi, Taglimao, Tuburan, Pigsag-an, Tumpagon, Bayanga, Mambuaya, Dansolihon, Tignapoloan and Besigan. These are the areas we are  focusing on in our P.P.B.S. paper and presentation. The Problem The ALS in our paper is meant to reduce the illiteracy rate in the said localities by providing an alternative avenue for achieving a high school equivalent diploma among the illiterate adult population through its existing adult specific curriculum. We are doing this by introducing our own incentive program. The adverse issues confronting the implementation of the program in the fringe Barangays of Cagayan De Oro are the low rate of participation among the illiterate adult population and the low level of survival and/or retention among those who choose to participate. Rough estimates in the concerned areas indicate very low participation in the ALS program. Of those who avail of it, only very few actually commit to graduate. Insofar as the goal of attaining the highest participation among the total number of  potential beneficiaries is concerned, the ALS program translates into a dismal percentage of the estimated success rate. On closer assessment, the identified causes for this mediocre success rate appear to be the lack of incentives to avail of or sustain participation to the ALS program due to economic constraints. These constraints are characterized as follows: 1) Participation in ALS education implies unacceptable daily income loses among potential participants. In the fringe hinterland localities where incomes are hardly sufficient to meet minimum daily living costs, participation during school days will mean abdicating daily incomes needed to insure the provision of basic living needs like the day’s food supply. 2) ALS Participation also implies incurring added education related costs. While enrolment, facilities and learning materials are free, travel costs and other miscellaneous allowances are required to insure that participants are physically present and who’s mental and health dispositions are conducive to learning. Sustaining these costs for repeated learning sessions are often enough to deter potential participants. Scope and Limitation of the Paper There is a wide choice of perspectives and plenty of levels to approach ALS as a topic. In this paper, the existing ALS program we are attempting to improve using our version of the same are the following eleven hinterland fringe Barangays in the 1st Congressional District of Cagayan de Oro City: Pagalungan, Tagpangi, Taglimao, Tuburan, Pigsag-an, Tumpagon, Bayanga, Mambuaya, Dansolihon, Tignapoloan and Besigan. Our focus customers here are the resident adults (18 years old and above) in the said areas. The ALS’ Assessment and Evaluation phase, Accreditation and Equivalency processes (ALS A & E), livelihood programs, and its curriculum are only part of the paper as an assumption that they are there, functioning as they should. Because our topic is not focused on them, they are not discussed here. And of course we think they are very important since we are drawing our strategies from the existing overall mechanism of how the ALS program works. We are asking the questions, â€Å"How  do we increase the participants and make them commit to actually finish the program?† and â€Å"How do we motivate those employed or volunteered directly in the ALS program to participate and meet their objectives?† These are the concerns that this group is attempting to manage. Figure 1 shows the Strategic Framework of the proposed ALS Incentive Program. The focus of our P.P.B.S. is to add a set of incentives to continually help improve the mechanisms that operate ALS. The Planning, Programming, and Budgeting are at work separately along this framework. It is our desire that this model will cascade smoothly to our target learners. Vision: Substantial reduction of illiteracy among adults in the fringe Barangays of Cagayan de Oro City through the Alternative Learning System and where human dignity is restored thereby resulting to personal growth and community development. Mission To improve the ALS’s participation and completion rate among the illiterate adult population in the concerned areas of Cagayan de Oro City through the participation incentive program. Figure 2 shows the S.W.O.T. Analysis for the proposed ALS Incentive Program. The program’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats will help clarify the present situation and strategies that can be developed out from them, and will determine the salient indicators of success, the abilities of the program managers and stakeholders and the available skills and resources. The S.W.O.T. Analysis conducted is grounded on knowing â€Å"Where the program is now?† and in identifying â€Å"What are the strategies needed to attain its goals?† The Strengths and Weaknesses are inside factors within the control of those involved in the ALS organization (inside environment). They  are: Strategy, Structure, System, Staff, Skills, Style, and Shared values. On the other hand, Opportunities and Threats are outside influences that impact the ALS organization S and O are strategies that should be executed, given that the Strengths and Opportunities are there. W and O asks the question, â€Å"How can we use our Opportunities to offset or even reverse our Weaknesses?† S and T asks the question â€Å"How can we use our Strengths to offset or even reverse our Threats?† W and T is the combination of Weaknesses and Threats. It shows that they are part of the organization’s identity since no organization is perfect. Because these factors cannot be fixed, it contains strategies that manage or minimize the damage caused by them. Figure 3 shows the organizational structure of the proposed ALS Incentive Program. Figure 4 shows the Strategy Map of the proposed ALS Incentive Program. The objectives shown in the map have a causal relationship as traced by arrows along each of the different functions in the ALS Incentive Program, namely: Financial Perspective, Learning and Growth, Internal Process, and Client Perspective. As you can see, the goals here are Increase Participation, Increase Completion, and Decrease Illiteracy. And each of these is supported by our proposed incentives. The Balanced Scorecard in Figure 5 below will elaborate on the different incentives mentioned in this paper so far. It will also describe how the objectives from different functions in the ALS Incentive Program can be achieved by concentrating on and satisfying its three parts: Measures, Targets, and Initiatives. The Balanced Scorecard will be a helpful guide in carrying out the functions of each member of ALS in helping themselves and their learners keep motivated and be on track towards achieving their goals. Conclusion While this group acknowledges the current efforts made by the LGU’s, DepEd, BALS, and ALS in their cooperation and hardwork, the daily operations to help reduce illiteracy in the involved barangays is still far from what they should be. Our emphasis here, as already mentioned, is the introduction and proper management of an incentive program in the ALS program. As what we have presented, we believe this would optimize the operations in each step  and level of the program. And thus, in the long run, the reduction and even total elimination of illiteracy is then achieved. It is our hope that this P.P.B.S. be part of the many considerations that may help the functions of the current ALS program.

Historical Perspective Essay Essay

As per Elizabeth Ann Manhart Barret â€Å"Nursing science is the substantive, abstract knowledge describing nursing’s unique phenomenon of concern, the integral nature of unitary human beings and their environments. The creation of this knowledge occurs through synthesis as well as qualitative and quantitative modes of inquiry. Nursing science-based practice and research is the imaginative and creative use of nursing knowledge to promote the health and well-being of all people.†(Kalisch. 1986) The theorist who I believed had the most tremendous impact on nursing research and the profession of nursing as it stands today is Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale, originally from England was a great visionary and pioneer of nursing in the 1870’s. Her focus and teachings in nursing were on patient care and hygiene to enhance healing. Florence Nightingale did not consider herself a theorist however her documentation of her practice have guided the science of nursi ng and nursing research for decades. Nightingale’s Environmental theory is an integral part of healthcare today. Her principles are better adopted in an educational setting but can be applied to a clinical setting. Nightingale’s Environmental theory was based on the concept that the environment could be altered to improve conditions so that the natural laws could allow healing, and that the environment is capable of suppressing, preventing or causing disease and illness in the individual. Her theory also stated that a poor environment leads to poor health and disease. Core concepts or metaparadigms are the tenants of nursing and their role is to define how patients should be treated. The concepts are the person, the environment, health and nursing. (Avant. 2011). All of the concepts are interrelated and each concept builds upon the concept that precedes it. Nightingale’s definitions of the metaparadigms have been utilized by many of the theorist that have followed her and are still widely  used today. She defined them as followed: The human was seen as the person or the individu al. The role of the nurse is to alter the environment to place the individual in the best condition for nature or the environment to act upon them. The environment was defined as all external and internal factors that can affect the health and wellness of the individual and health was defined as the process of getting well In conclusion research and nursing science has greatly evolved through the years and will continue to do so over time with the continued contributions from nurses such as Florence Nightingale and the continued advancements in research and medicine. As the needs of the patients continue to grow so will the quest for more nursing knowledge, and the science of nursing will continue to develop.

Music Term Paper Topics

Music Term Paper Topics Students are often confronted with an assignment of writing a term paper on music, or simply music term paper topic. It may seem, that this is a rather easy assignment, but when you start writing the music term paper topics appear to be harder than you thought. Music can be compared to art, and when you write a term paper topic on music – you have to express yourself, your feelings towards a musical composition, and your thoughts on the sense of the melody as well as compare the music track to the artist’s biography, his vision on life and on the topic itself. The Music term paper topic you will be writing has to be divided into 2 parts. The first part in the music term paper topic is the research part. Here you have to be able to choose an appropriate music term paper topic, and do a little research on it. You will have to collect as much information as you possibly can. The topic you choose should me interesting and extra ordinary. If you are having difficulties with choosing a good music term paper topic – try asking CustomWritings.com for help or contact your music teacher or music term paper topic advisor. Try to depict the musical topic as detailed as possible, never forget even one little thing. The more you have written – the easier it will be for you to write the second part of your music term paper topic. If in the first part you were discussing other peoples opinion and vision of the music sample you have chosen – in the second part you will have to discus your own ideas, thoughts and vision. You need to write your own observations, and make sure that the second part of the music term paper is as detailed as the first part, and even is more interesting, detailed, insightful, etc. After choosing your term paper topic – you need to set up your music term paper hypothesis. Your music term paper topic hypothesis should ve proved, addressed and discussed afterwards. You can also use references, quotations and examples of your point of view on the music term paper. In order to do that, and not get in trouble for plagiarism – never forget to write down every single source you have used and cite and reference it properly at the end of your music term paper topic. The research part of your music term paper, should be written in a very formal language. You need to be as specific as possible, ad be sure not to paraphrase someone elses ideas and put it out as your own. Evey statement that you have come up with should be proved with bright examples and evidence overall. Avoid using passive voice, as you will not be able to be specific with passive voice. Your research part of the music term paper topic is a scientific work, where simplicity is a key to everything. SO be sure to use simple words and sentences as well as present tense preferably. On the other hand – the second part is open-free to your own creativity. Here – try to sound as smart as possible, but still, your intelligence should be proved with your ideas, and not big words. Also try to prove your point of view by using term paper examples and sample term papers. Make sure the reader does not come up with any objections. If you feel that there might be some objections to the things you write in your term paper topic – be sure to address them in your paper. Another good tool for writing a music term paper is comparing and contrasting. You will be able to prove anything, if you compare and contrast the examples you come up with. If you are not sure that you will be able to write a sound music term paper topic – you might want to seek music term paper writing help from CustomWritings.com. We will be more than happy to assist you with any assignment. Here is a list of the most popular music essay topics: 1. The History Of Music 2. Evolution of Rap music 3. The Bad Effects of Rock Music 4. Music Cencorship 5. Jazz Popular Music 6. Music and Its Effect On Teenage Society 7. Music Social Groups 8. How music functions in advertisement? 9. Music Trading 10. Music and Adolescents 11. Modern Music 12. Indian music 13. Meaning of music 14. Baroque Music 15. What is music? 16. Music and Language Skills development 17. The Validity of Music in My Life 18. Music: Distraction or Unnecessary for Amusement 19. How music affects brain activity? 20.  Developments in music technology 21. Renaissance music 22. Has the music industry lost its creativity? 23. Music Piracy on the Internet 24. Is Dance Music a Subculture or Has it Now Become a Culture in its Own Right? 25. In the early 1960’s folk music in America became an increasingly important focus of political protest 26. Music downloading 27. Music of Pre-Modern Japan 28. The Evolution of Hip-Hop Music 29. Music in the middle ages 30. Self Expression in Music

Ashley Flores Missing Person Hoax - Urban Legends

Ashley Flores Missing Person Hoax - Urban Legends Chain emails and online postings seek help locating Ashley Flores, a 13-year-old girl allegedly missing in Philadelphia. Description: HoaxCirculating since: May 2006Status: False (details below) 2012 example:As shared on Facebook, April 2, 2012: I am asking you all, begging you to please forward this msg on to anyone and everyone you know, PLEASE. My 13 year old girl, Ashley Flores, is missing. She has been missing for two weeks It only takes 2 seconds to forward this. If it was your child, you would want all the help you could get. Louise Louw Tel: 27 31 303 1001 Cell: 27 82 509 6676 SFTBC 2006 example:Email contributed by M.M., May 11, 2006: Subject: Missing Girl from PhillyPlease pass this to everyone in your address book.We have a Deli manager (Acme Markets) from Philadelphia, Pa who has a 13 year old daughter who has been missing for 2 weeks.Keep the picture moving on. With luck on her side she will be found.I am asking you all, begging you to please forward this email on to anyone and everyone you know, PLEASE. My 13 year old girl, Ashley Flores, is missing. She has been missing for now two weeks. It is still not too late. Please help us. If anyone any where knows anything, please contact me at:HelpfindAshleyFloresyahoo.comI am including a picture of her. All prayers are appreciated!! Ashley Flores missingIt only takes 2 seconds to forward this.If it was your child, you would want all the help you could get. Analysis: This is a hoax, circulating since May 2006. Neither the Philadelphia Police Department nor the National Center for Missing Exploited Children lists (or has ever listed) a missing child by the name of Ashley Flores. No Amber Alert has ever been issued in her name. Moreover, the viral message contains none of the critical details one would expect to find in a real alert for example, a physical description of the missing person, the time and place of disappearance and contact information. Another giveaway is the presence in the body of the message of several sentences copied word-for-word from previous missing child hoaxes (see Penny Brown and C.J. Mineo). The Ashley Flores / MySpace Connection Though she never really went missing, it appears that Ashley Flores does exist and lived in Philadelphia when these alerts first started going around. By following hyperlinks embedded in a version posted on MySpace.com, I found an exact match (long since deleted) for the image above in a photo gallery on Photobucket.com, along with several others (long since deleted) that were uploaded by the same user and featured a young woman named Ashley who bore more than a passing resemblance to the girl pictured above. The images were posted by someone using the screen name Vixter609, whom I found blogging under the same alias on MySpace.com with her given name listed as Vicki, her age as 17 and her city of residence as Philadelphia. When I contacted Vicki to ask what, if anything, she knew about Ashley Flores and her status as a missing person, I received the following reply (reproduced verbatim): ashley flores is not missing it was a merly a joke that got completely out of hand please imform everyone that e-mail that she is NOT missing it was a joke im sorry about any confusion Subsequent inquiries went unanswered. That this little joke caused confusion is putting it mildly. 2009 Update After a version of the Ashley Flores email containing the contact info of the Rolla, Missouri police department circulated in 2009, said police department was forced to change its telephone number because it was receiving up to 75 calls per day on the matter. The citys online FAQ page still contains a reference to the hoax. The Flores alert is listed on the U.S. Department of Justice Amber Alert website as a known hoax. Further reading: Weekly Press Gets PunkdPhiladelphia Will Do (blog), 1 June 2006 Missing Girl Hoax SpreadsSydney Morning Herald, 28 June 2006 Fake Amber Alert Spreading Throughout UtahDeseret News, 10 February 2009

Social Work - The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Essay

Social Work - The Victoria Climbie Inquiry - Essay Example That is the only way in which vulnerable children are let down by the system. Every child matters have two main goals. First, to protect children and second, to ensure that every child can fulfill their potential. Social workers have to develop a better understanding about the positive impact of educational achievement on the well-being of children in care and accept that it is a key part of their responsibilities to promote their learning. They must meet the challenging targets set by central and local government in relation to the stability of care and school placements. Social workers must take all procedures to increase the range of choice of placements of all kinds. As per Victoria Climbie Inquiry, there are five aspects of the reform is essential to improve plight of the children in the society. They are (1) prevention, (2) early intervention, (3) improving specialist service, (4) Every Child matters regognises the need to work altogether and (5) having the right people to do the job. There are still significant gaps in our knowledge of educational outcomes for children in care.

Change management - ITIL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change management - ITIL - Essay Example ITIL or IT Infrastructural Library is an approach of best practices that adds value to the existing mechanisms of internal control and external exigencies like optimization of customer service and help foster vital linkages with business partners. ABC needs this approach broadly for the following reasons: ABC is a business proposition that is focused on the needs of the customers. It constantly needs to be aware of their fast transforming preferences so that it can meet their demands. ITIL would considerably contribute to meeting the challenges of customers’ changing requirements. The IT system is intrinsic part of organizational operations that not only integrates various units but also enhances it operational and administrative productivity and outcome. Thus unapproved changes within the system jeopardize the working and adversely impact on the performance of individuals who may be unaware of the changes and may lack the technical expertise to adapt to the changes without appropriate training on new system. Nutt (1990) believes that delivery of IT services is best served through flexible approach that incorporates the environmental changes and promotes development of goods and services to meet the requirements of customers. With ITIL, ABC would be constantly updated and will be able to apply innovative input to its product and services. Last but not the least important is the fact that ITIL would provide wide scope of improved performance at all levels of managerial and operational efficiency delivered by IT system throughout its lifecycle (Stainberg,

Constructing three chapters of proposal Dissertation

Constructing three chapters of proposal - Dissertation Example In 2011, a pipeline fire killed 100 people and seriously injured 120 in Nairobi. In 2010, a Pemex (Petroleos Mexicanos) pumping station in Central Mexico exploded, killing 27 and injuring 50 (Ellingwood, 2010). In 2006, a pipeline explosion in Nigeria killed up to 500 people (BBC News, 2006), but the fatalities in this incident are only second to the Ufa train disaster in Russia in 1989, where train sparks set off a gas leak from an LPG pipeline and killed 645 people (Observer-Reporter, 1989). Oil and gas accidents can have catastrophic results, all the more underscoring the importance of assessing the crisis management systems in this industry, and ascertaining whether or not these are within acceptable standards to ensure the protection of the public. 1.1 Background of the Study One of the more comprehensive and meticulous definitions of â€Å"crisis,† as it is conceived in business crisis management, is that of Fink (1986, quoted in Reid, 2000, p. 2), who states that  "A crisis is any situation that runs the risk of: 1. Escalating in intensity. 2. Falling under close media or government scrutiny. 3. Interfering with the normal operations of business. 4. Jeopardizing with the positive public image presently enjoyed by a company or its officers. 5. Damaging a company’s bottom line in any way.† Fink’s well-crafted enumeration of the attributes of a crisis situation noticeable lacks one element: that of being â€Å"unforeseen† or â€Å"unexpected.† This is a defining trait of a crisis for other authors (Hoff, 2001; Boi, 2005; Laws, Prideaux & Chon, 2007), but apparently not for Fink, whose definition focuses on the impacts rather than the causes of the crisis situation. In many instances, crises are so characterised not because they are unforeseen. Rather, they are foreseen (or at least foreseeable), but are historically and statistically deemed so unlikely to happen that precautionary and preventive measures against them are overlooked (Loveridge, 2009; Daft & Marcic, 2011). Warranting the necessity for the enhancement of crisis planning, prevention, assessment, and mitigation for the oil and gas industry are the deleterious effects of the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico (Casale, 2010). Despite the serious harm to the environment and to livelihoods in the affected area, the potential closure of large oil and gas companies or the shutdown of their pipelines is a risk which major oil producers could not be take because of their critical role in the world economy (Omolara & Olayide, 2011; Kamal, 2012). The matter of oil and gas crisis management to ensure continuity, therefore, becomes an important area of study. Unfortunately, there are few academic studies which have addressed this area. Lee Clarke of Rutgers University underscored the fact that all most oil and gas companies have to rely on currently are what he calls â€Å"symbolic planning† and â€Å"fantasy documents† upon which crisis strategies are built (Morse, 2004). 1.2 Statement of the Problem In defining the research problem, it became apparent to this researcher that the threat of impending crises (i.e., crises that are unlikely, but may eventually happen) confront all organisations in varied ways. Consequently, all organizations need some

Lewinsky Scandal Essay Example for Free

Lewinsky Scandal Essay The Lewinsky scandal was a political sex scandal emerging in 1998, from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a 22-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. The news of this extra-marital affair and the resulting investigation eventually led to the impeachment of President Clinton in 1998 by the U. S. House of Representatives and his subsequent acquittal on all impeachment charges of perjury and obstruction of justice in a 21-day Senate trial * In 1995, Monica Lewinsky, a graduate of Lewis amp; Clark College, was hired to work as an intern at the White House during Clintons first term and began a personal relationship with him, the details of which she later confided to her friend and Defense department co-worker Linda Tripp, who secretly recorded their telephone conversations. When Tripp discovered in January 1998 that Lewinsky had signed an affidavit in the Paula Jones case denying a relationship with Clinton, she delivered the tapes to Kenneth Starr, the Independent Counsel who was investigating Clinton on other matters, including the Whitewater scandal, the White House FBI files controversy, and the White House travel office controversy. During the grand jury testimony Clintons responses were carefully worded, and he argued, It depends on what the meaning of the word is is, in regards to the truthfulness of his statement that there is not a sexual relationship, an improper sexual relationship or any other kind of improper relationship. * The wide reporting of the scandal led to criticism of the press for over-coverage. The scandal is sometimes referred to as Monicagate, Lewinskygate, Tailgate, Sexgate and Zippergate, following the -gate nickname construction that has been popular since the Watergate scandal. Lewinsky claimed to have had sexual encounters with Bill Clinton on nine occasions from November 1995 to March 1997. According to her published schedule, First Lady Hillary Clinton was at the White House for at least some portion of seven of those days. * Lewinsky confided in a coworker named Linda Tripp about her relationship with Clinton. Tripp convinced Lewinsky to save the gifts that Clinton had given her, a nd not to dry clean what would later be known as the infamous blue dress. Tripp reported these conversations to literary agent Lucianne Goldberg, who advised her to secretly record them, which Tripp began doing in September 1997. Goldberg also urged Tripp to take the tapes to Kenneth Starr and bring them to the attention of people working on the Paula Jones case. In the fall of 1997, Goldberg began speaking to reporters about the tapes * In January 1998, after Lewinsky had submitted an affidavit in the Paula Jones case denying any physical relationship with Clinton, she attempted to persuade Tripp to lie under oath in the Jones case. Instead, Tripp gave the tapes to Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr who was investigating the Whitewater controversy and other matters. Now armed with evidence of Lewinskys admission of a physical relationship with Clinton, he broadened the investigation to include Lewinsky and her possible perjury in the Jones case. * News of the scandal first broke on January 17, 1998, on the Drudge Report, which reported that Newsweek editors were sitting on a story by investigative reporter Michael Isikoff exposing the affair. The story broke in the mainstream press on January 21 in The Washington Post. The story swirled for several days and, despite swift denials from Clinton, the clamor for answers from the White House grew louder. On January 26, President Clinton, standing with his wife, spoke at a White House press conference, and issued a forceful denial, which contained what would later become one of the best-known sound bites of his presidency: â€Å"Now, I have to go back to work on my State of the Union speech. And I worked on it until pretty late last night. But I want to say one thing to the American people. I want you to listen to me. Im going to say this again: I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. I never told anybody to lie, not a single time; never. These allegations are false. And I need to go back to work for the American people. Thank you! † * Hillary Clinton stood by her husband throughout the scandal. On January 27, in an appearance on NBCs Today she famously said: The great story here for anybody willing to find it and write about it and explain it is this vast right-wing conspiracy that has been conspiring against my husband since the day he announced for president. * For the next several months and through the summer, the media debated whether or not an affair had occurred and whether or not Clinton had lied or obstructed justice, but nothing could be definitively established beyond the taped recordings because Lewinsky was unwilling to discuss the affair or testify about it. On July 28, 1998, a substantial delay after the public break of the scandal, Lewinsky received t ransactional immunity in exchange for grand jury testimony concerning her relationship with Clinton. She also turned over a semen-stained blue dress (which Linda Tripp had encouraged her to save without dry cleaning) to the Starr investigators, thereby providing unambiguous DNA evidence that could prove the relationship despite Clintons official denials. * Clinton admitted in taped grand jury testimony on August 17, 1998, that he had had an improper physical relationship with Lewinsky. That evening he gave a nationally televised statement admitting his relationship with Lewinsky which was not appropriate. Perjury charges and Impeachment * In his deposition for the Jones lawsuit, Clinton denied having sexual relations with Lewinsky. Based on the evidence provided by Tripp, a blue dress with Clintons semen, Starr concluded that this sworn testimony was false and perjurious. * During the deposition, Clinton was asked Have you ever had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky, as that term is defined in Deposition Exhibit 1? The judge ordered that Clinton be given an opportunity to review the agreed definition. Afterwards, based on the definition created by the Independent Counsels Office, Clinton answered I have never had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky. Clinton later stated, I thought the definition included any activity by [me], where [I] was the actor and came in contact with those parts of the bodies which had been explicitly listed (and with an intent to gratify or arouse the sexual desire of any person). * Two months after the Senate failed to convict him, President Clinton was held in civil contempt of court by Judge Susan D. Webber Wright. His license to practice law was suspended in Arkansas for five years and later by the United States Supreme Court. He was also fined $90,000 for giving false testimony. * In December 1998, Clintons political party, the Democratic Party, was in the minority in both chambers of Congress. Some Democratic members of Congress, and most in the opposition Republican Party, believed that Clintons giving false testimony and allegedly influencing Lewinskys testimony were crimes of obstruction of justice and perjury and thus impeachable offenses. The House of Representatives voted to issue Articles of Impeachment against him which was followed by a 21-day trial in the Senate. * All of the Democrats in the Senate voted for acquittal on both the perjury and the obstruction of justice charges. Ten Republicans voted for acquittal for perjury and five Republicans voted for acquittal for obstruction of justice. * President Clinton was thereby acquitted of all charges and remained in office. There were attempts to censure the President by the House of Representatives, but those attempts failed. Effect on 2000 presidential election The scandal arguably affected the 2000 U. S. Presidential election in two contradicting ways. Democratic Party candidate and sitting Vice President Al Gore claimed that Clintons scandal had been a drag that deflated the enthusiasm of their partys base, effectively suppressing Democratic votes. Clinton claimed that the scandal had made Gores campaign too cautious, and that if Clinton had been allowed to campaign for Gore in Arkansas and New Hampshire, either state would have delivered Gores needed electoral votes regardless of what happened in Florida. Political analysts have supported both views. Before and after the 2000 election, John Cochran of ABC News connected the Lewinsky scandal with a voter phenomenon he called Clinton fatigue. Polling showed that the scandal continued to affect Clintons low personal approval ratings through the election and analysts such as Vanderbilt Universitys John G. Geer later concluded Clinton fatigue or a kind of moral retrospective voting had a significant impact on Gores chances. Other analysts sided with Clintons argument, and argued that Gores refusal to have Clinton campaign with him damaged his appeal. Collateral scandals * During the scandal, supporters of President Clinton alleged that the matter was private and they claimed hypocrisy by at least some of those who advocated for his removal. For example, during the House investigation it was revealed that Henry Hyde, Republican chair of the House Judiciary Committee and lead House manager, also had an affair while in office, as a state legislator. Hyde, aged 70 during the Lewinsky hearings, dismissed it as a youthful indiscretion when he was 41. * A highly publicized investigation campaign actively sought information which might embarrass politicians who supported impeachment. According to the British newspaper The Guardian, Larry Flynt the publisher of Hustler magazine, offered a $1 million reward Flynt was a sworn enemy of the Republican party and sought to dig up dirt on the Republican members of Congress who were leading the impeachment campaign against President Clinton. Although] Flynt claimed at the time to have the goods on up to a dozen prominent Republicans, the ad campaign helped to bring down only one. Robert Livingston – a congressman from Louisiana abruptly retired after learning that Mr Flynt was about to reveal that he had also had an affair. * Republican congressman Bob Livingston had been widely expected to become Speaker of the United States House of Representatives in the next Congressional session, then just weeks away, until Flynt revealed the affair. Livingston resigned and challenged Clinton to do the same. Flynts investigation also claimed that Congressman Bob Barr, another Republican House manager, had an affair while married; Barr had been the first lawmaker in either chamber to call for Clintons resignation due to the Lewinsky affair. Barr lost a primary challenge less than three years after the impeachment proceedings. * Dan Burton, Republican Representative from Indiana, had stated No one, regardless of what party they serve, no one, regardless of what branch of government they serve, should be allowed to get away with these alleged sexual improprieties . In 1998, Burton admitted that he himself had an affair in 1983 that produced a child. Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, Representative from Georgia and leader of the Republican Revolution of 1994, admitted in 1998 to having had an affair with a House intern while he was married to his second wife, at the same time as he was leading the impeachment of Bill Clinton for perjury regarding an affair with intern Monica Lewinsky. * Republican Helen Chenoweth-Hage from Idaho aggressively called for the resignation of Bill Clinton, and admitted to her own six-year affair with a married rancher during the 1980s Personal cceptance * Historian Taylor Branch implied that Clinton had requested changes to Branchs 2009 Clinton biography, The Clinton Tapes: Wrestling History with the President, regarding Clintons revelation that the Lewinsky affair began because I cracked; I just cracked. Branch writes that Clinton had felt beleaguered, unappreciated and open to a liaison with Lewinsky following the Democrats loss of Congress in the November 1994 elections, the death of his mother the previous January, and the ongoing Whitewater investigation. Publicly, Clinton had previously blamed the affair on a terrible moral error and on anger at Republicans, stating, if people have unresolved anger, it makes them do non-rational, destructive things. * The Lewinsky affair aroused deep divisions and total disagreement among Americans, to the point that no issue in memory prompted such thorough and passionate incomprehension of the other sides position. In response, Middle Easterners view the wildly diverse views with utter amazement and more than a bit of amusement. It is possible to find certain broad, though not consistent, threads in their arguments. * Middle Easterners looked at the presidents problems as they would in their own societies—as personal problems in Israel, as moral ones in the Muslim world. This goes far to explain the near-consensus, even among those Iranian commentators otherwise critical of the United States: that Republicans had blown the controversy way out of proportion. Middle Eastern commentaries virtually ignored the legal issues—lying under oath, obstruction of justice.